Embryology: Musculoskeletal System and Body Cavities

Embryology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

The musculoskeletal system is fundamentally derived from the paraxial mesoderm, whose appearance is inseparable from the gastrulation process that occurs from the beginning of the third week of development (days 14–21). During gastrulation, the bilaminar epiblast undergoes an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a specialized region called the primitive streak, a dynamic structure that extends…

What it covers

1. Paraxial Mesoderm and Trunk Organization
2. · Gastrulation and Formation of Germinative Leaves
3. Somitogenesis
4. · Formation of the Somites
5. Somite Differentiation: Sclerotoma, Dermomyotoma and Myotoma
6. · The Sclerotoma
7. · The Dermomyotoma
8. Development of the Axial Skeleton
9. · Chondrogenesis and Ossification: General Principles
10. · Development of the Spine in Detail
11. · Rib Cage: Ribs and Sternum
12. · Skull Development: Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
13. Development of the Appendicular Skeleton and Limbs
14. · Limb Flare Initiation
15. · Ossification of the Long Bones of the Limb
16. Development of the Muscular System
17. · Skeletal Myogenesis
18. · Cardiac Muscle
19. · Visceral Smooth Muscle
20. Formation of the Intraembryonic Coelom and Body Cavities
21. · The Intraembryonic Coelom
22. · Partition of the Coelom into Three Cavities
23. Diaphragm Development
24. · The Four Components of the Diaphragm
25. Mesenteries and Peritoneal Cavity
26. · Organization of the Primitive Mesentery
27. Additional Integrated Clinical Correlations
28. · Defects of the Neural Tube and Vertebral Arch
29. · Skeletal Muscle Pathology of Somitic Origin
30. · Lethal and Non-Lethal Skeletal Dysplasias
31. · Integrative Summary: Embryoclinical Correlations Map
32. · Considerations on Embryonic Folding and the Abdominal Wall