CNS Demyelinating Diseases

Demyelinating CNS Diseases — Expert Level Reference

How it begins

From oligodendrocyte and the molecular architecture of the node of Ranvier to plaque, budding and silent progression. Multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, MOGAD, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and metabolic-toxic and infectious demyelination, with their biology, immunopathology, detailed diagnostic criteria, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, biomarkers and the modern therapeutic arsenal...

What it covers

1. Concept, terminology and classification of demyelinating diseases
2. · Operational etiopathogenic classification
3. · An essential historical note
4. Myelin: cell biology, biochemistry and the architecture of the node of Ranvier
5. · The oligodendrocyte versus the Schwann cell
6. · Biochemistry: lipids and proteins of central myelin
7. · The molecular architecture of the node of Ranvier
8. · Myelin as trophic support of the axon
9. Pathophysiology of demyelination, conduction block and remyelination
10. · From healthy fiber to clinical deficit
11. · Clinical correlates of altered physiology
12. · Remyelination: why it exists and why it fails
13. Multiple sclerosis: epidemiology
14. · Distribution by age, sex and time
15. · The latitudinal gradient and migration studies
16. Etiology and risk factors of multiple sclerosis
17. · Genetic susceptibility
18. · Environmental factors
19. Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis
20. · The immunological cascade: from outside to inside the CNS
21. · Lassmann-Lucchinetti patterns
22. Neuropathology: plaque and gray matter pathology
23. · Classification of plates according to their activity
24. · The revolution in gray matter pathology
25. Clinical manifestations: the topographic syndromes of the flare
26. · Optic neuritis
27. · Myelitis (partial)
28. · Brainstem and cranial nerve syndromes
29. · Cerebellar syndromes
30. Symptoms throughout the disease: fatigue, cognition, mood and paroxysmal phenomena
31. · Fatigue
32. · Cognitive impairment
33. · Psychiatric symptoms
34. · Bladder, intestinal and sexual dysfunction
35. · Pain, spasticity and paroxysmal phenomena
36. Phenotypes and evolutionary course
37. · From subclinical risk to progressive forms
38. · Disability measurement and prognosis
39. Diagnosis: McDonald's criteria
40. · Operational definitions
41. · The contribution of oligoclonal bands (McDonald 2017)
42. · Diagnostic scenarios according to clinical presentation
43. Complementary tests: MRI, cerebrospinal fluid, evoked potentials and OCT
44. · Magnetic resonance: the paraclinical pillar
45. · Cerebrospinal fluid
46. · Evoked potentials and optical coherence tomography
47. · Biomarkers in blood
48. Differential diagnosis and red flags
49. · Main imitators (“MS mimics”)
50. Treatment of acute flare
51. · Corticosteroids at high doses
52. · Plasmapheresis and rescue options
53. Disease-modifying therapies (TME/DMT)
54. · Pharmacological overview
55. · Screening, monitoring and the threat of PML
56. Symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation
57. · Management by symptoms
58. Special situations: pregnancy, pediatric MS, vaccination and comorbidity
59. · MS and pregnancy
60. · Pediatric MS
61. · Vaccination and immunization
62. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD)
63. · Immunopathology
64. · Cardinal clinical syndromes
65. · Diagnosis (international criteria 2015)
66. Anti-MOG antibody disease (MOGAD)
67. · Clinical phenotypes according to age
68. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and post-infectious demyelination
69. · Clinical and differential features
70. Focal demyelinating syndromes and variants of multiple sclerosis
71. · "Isolated" demyelinating syndromes
72. · Fulminant and atypical variants of MS
73. Metabolic, toxic and infectious demyelination
74. · Osmotic demyelination syndrome (myelinolysis)
75. · Other non-immune acquired demyelination
76. Diagnostic integration and demyelinating emergencies
77. · Mental approximation algorithm
78. · Comparison of the three major immune-mediated entities
79. · Demyelinating emergencies that do not allow delay