Congenital and Perinatal Infections: TORCH Complex — Medical Microbiology

Microbiology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Toxoplasmosis and Sabin tetrad, early/late congenital syphilis, rubella Gregg syndrome, congenital cytomegalovirus and neonatal herpes.

What it covers

1. 1. Definition of the TORCH Complex and Routes of Perinatal Transmission
2. 2. T — Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Sabin's Tetrad
3. 3. O — Others: Congenital Syphilis, Varicella, Parvovirus and Zika Virus
4. 4. R — Congenital Rubella: Gregg Syndrome
5. 5. C — Cytomegalovirus (CMV): periventricular calcifications
6. 6. H — Virus Herpes Simplex Neonatal (HSV-2)
7. 7. The Timing in Pregnancy Changes Everything
8. 8. 2020–2025 Update
9. 9. Reasoned Clinical Cases
10. 10. Common Mistakes and Exam Pearls
11. 11. References and Sources for Further Reading