Internal Medicine: Pathology of the Spinal Cord

Neurology · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Comprehensive study of functional anatomy, major spinal syndromes, the pathophysiology of spinal cord damage and the main diseases that affect the spinal cord, with emphasis on differential diagnosis and highly relevant clinical correlations.

What it covers

1. Functional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
2. · Macro-Anatomy: Dimensions and Segmentation
3. · Microscopy: Gray Matter and White Matter
4. · Medullary Vascularization: The Key to Vascular Syndromes
5. · Spinal Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid
6. Classic Spinal Cord Syndromes
7. · Brown-Séquard Syndrome (Medullary Hemisection)
8. · Anterior Medullary Syndrome (Anterior Spinal Artery)
9. · Central Cord Syndrome
10. · Posterior spinal cord syndrome
11. · Conus Medullaris Syndrome
12. · Cauda equina syndrome
13. · Complete Spinal Injury Syndrome vs. Incomplete
14. Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Damage
15. · Primary Injury vs. Secondary Injury
16. · Axonal Regeneration Inhibitors: Molecular Barriers
17. · Medullary Shock vs. Neurogenic Shock
18. Multiple Sclerosis and NMOSD / MOGAD
19. · Pathophysiology of MS
20. · Clinical Forms of MS and McDonald Criteria 2017
21. · The Spinal Cord in MS: Semiological and Radiological Characteristics
22. · NMOSD (Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease)
23. Transverse Myelitis
24. · TM Diagnostic Criteria (TMCWG 2002)
25. · Etiology of Transverse Myelitis
26. Medullary Vascular Pathology
27. · Medullary Infarction (Medullary Stroke)
28. · Medullary Vascular Malformations
29. · Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome (Subacute Necrotizing Angioma)
30. Spinal Cord Compression: Causes and Management
31. · Topographic Classification of Compression Injuries
32. · Spinal Epidural Metastasis (MSCC): Oncological Emergency
33. · Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM)
34. Spinal cord trauma
35. · Biomechanical Mechanisms of Injury
36. · ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS): Complete System
37. · Acute Management of Spinal Cord Trauma
38. · Complications of Chronic Spinal Cord Trauma
39. Syringomyelia and Syringobulbia
40. · Pathophysiology: The Theory of Williams and Gardner
41. · Etiology of Syringomyelia
42. · Clinical Presentation and Semiology
43. Degenerative Motor Neuron Diseases
44. · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS / SLA / ALS)
45. · Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA / SMA) and Kennedy Syndrome
46. Medullary Infectious Pathology
47. · Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AMF / AFM): The "New Polio"
48. · HTLV-1 myelopathy (TSP/HAM)
49. · Spinal Epidural Abscess (SEA): Neurosurgical Emergency
50. · Spinal Tuberculosis (Pott's Disease)
51. Nutritional and Toxic Myelopathy
52. · Subacute Combined Spinal Degeneration (SCD)
53. · Myelopathy due to Nitrogen Protoxide (N₂O)
54. Spinal Cord Tumors
55. · Topographic Classification and General Characteristics
56. · Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis (Leptomeningeal Metastases)
57. Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Management
58. · Spinal Cord MRI: Protocols and Interpretation
59. · Lumbar Puncture and Interpretation of CSF in Spinal Pathology
60. · Functional Scales in Spinal Pathology
61. · Management of Chronic Complications of Myelopathies