Lipid Metabolism — Medical Biochemistry

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Comprehensive analysis of digestion, transport, oxidation, synthesis and regulation of lipids, with emphasis on pathophysiology and clinical correlations of medical relevance.

What it covers

1. Lipid Metabolism
2. Generalities and Classification of Lipids
3. · Biochemical Classification
4. · Fatty Acids: Nomenclature and Properties
5. Digestion and Intestinal Absorption of Lipids
6. · Emulsification and Action of Bile Salts
7. · Digestive Enzymes: Mechanism and Kinetics
8. · Mixed Micelle Formation and Enterocyte Absorption
9. · Re-synthesis of Triglycerides and Formation of Chylomicrons
10. · Lymphatic Transport of Chylomicrons
11. Plasma Lipoproteins: Structure, Metabolism and Receptors
12. · Classification and Physicochemical Properties
13. · Exogenous Route: Chylomicron Metabolism
14. · Endogenous Pathway: VLDL → IDL → LDL metabolism
15. · The LDL Receptor (LDLr) — Brown and Goldstein Cycle
16. · Reverse Cholesterol Transport (CRT) — Via HDL
17. β-Mitochondrial Oxidation of Fatty Acids
18. · Activation of Fatty Acids: Acyl-CoA Synthetase
19. · Carnitine-Acylcarnitine System: The Mitochondrial Portal
20. · The Four Reactions of the β-Oxidation Cycle
21. · Energy Performance of β-Oxidation
22. · β-Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
23. · β-Peroxisomal Oxidation
24. Ketogenesis and Ketolysis
25. · Conditions that Favor Ketogenesis
26. · Ketone Body Biosynthetic Pathway
27. · Ketolysis in Extrahepatic Tissues
28. De Novo Lipogenesis: Fatty Acid Synthesis
29. · Export of Mitochondrial Acetyl-CoA: The Citrate Shuttle
30. · Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC): The Central Regulatory Enzyme
31. · Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS / FASN): Multifunctional Complex
32. · Elongation and Desaturation of Fatty Acids
33. Cholesterol Metabolism
34. · The Mevalonate Pathway: Endogenous Cholesterol Synthesis
35. · Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis — SREBP System
36. · Synthesis of Bile Acids
37. · Steroid Hormone Synthesis
38. Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism
39. · Synthesis of Glycerophospholipids
40. · Sphingolipid Metabolism
41. Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
42. · Release of Arachidonic Acid
43. · Cyclooxygenase (COX) Pathway — Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes
44. · Lipooxygenase (LOX) Pathway — Leukotrienes and Lipoxins
45. Hormonal Regulation of Lipid Metabolism
46. · Insulin — The Anabolic Switch
47. · Glucagon and Catecholamines — The Catabolic Switch
48. · AMPK — The Cellular Energy Sensor
49. · PPARs — Nuclear Lipid Receptors
50. Clinical Correlations: Dyslipidemias and Lipid Metabolism Errors
51. · Fredrickson-WHO Classification of Hyperlipoproteinemias
52. · Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
53. · Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD/MASLD)
54. · Hypotriglyceridemia and Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
55. · Gene Therapy in Lipid Metabolism