Neonatology — Food, Nutrition and Neonatal Metabolism

Neonatology · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

A comprehensive and systematic analysis of the physiological, molecular, biochemical and immunological bases of the nutritional transition, advanced enteral and parenteral support in extremely low weight premature infants, and the clinical management of neonatal metabolic deviations.

What it covers

1. Food, Nutrition and Metabolism
2. Physiology of the Neonatal Metabolic Transition
3. · Intrauterine Metabolism and Placental Supply
4. · The Endocrine Cascade of Birth
5. · Activation of Emergency Metabolic Pathways
6. Energy and Water Requirements of the Neonate
7. · Components of Neonatal Energy Expenditure
8. · Pathophysiology of Water and Electrolyte Balance
9. · Insensible Water Losses (PIA)
10. Carbohydrates, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders
11. · Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
12. · Clinical Management Protocol for Symptomatic Hypoglycemia
13. · Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hyperglycemia
14. Proteins and Amino Acids in Neonatal Nutrition
15. · Physiology of Protein Metabolism in the Premature Neonate
16. · Conditionally Essential Amino Acids in the Neonatal Stage
17. · Risks of Amino Acid Toxicity and the Control of Urea Nitrogen
18. Lipids, Essential Fatty Acids and Lipid Emulsions
19. · Physiology of Lipid Digestion and Incorporation
20. · The Critical Importance of LCPUFAs in Neurodevelopment
21. Micronutrients: Water-soluble and Fat-soluble Vitamins in the NICU
22. · Clinical Analysis of Key Vitamins in Neonatology
23. · Vitamin B Complex and Vitamin C: Coenzymes of Intermediate Metabolism
24. Electrolytes and Major Mineral Homeostasis
25. · Sodium Homeostasis: Pathophysiology of Osmotic Balance
26. · Non-Oliguric Hyperkalemia of Extreme Prematurity
27. · Homeostasis of Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium
28. Trace Elements and Specialized Tissue Growth
29. · Key Trace Elements in Neonatology
30. Human Milk and its Advanced Fortification
31. · Bioactive Components and Mechanisms of Action
32. · The Need for Fortification of Human Milk
33. · Pasteurization of Donor Human Milk: Holder Method
34. Enteral Nutrition and Feeding Techniques in Premature Babies
35. · Trophic Enteral Feeding (Minimal Enteral Nutrition)
36. · Administration Techniques: Bolus vs. Continuous Enteral Infusion
37. · Enteral Volume Progression and the Prevention of NEC
38. Advanced Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition
39. · Structure and Components of an NPN Bag
40. · Clinical Complications of Prolonged NPN
41. Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Pathophysiology and Nutritional Implications
42. · The Multifactorial Hypothesis of the Pathophysiology of NEC
43. · Classification of Modified Bell Stages for the ECN
44. Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity (EOMP)
45. · Pathophysiology of Altered Bone Remodeling
46. · Biochemical Diagnosis of the EOMP
47. · Nutritional Treatment and Prevention Strategies
48. Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) of Acute Neonatal Presentation
49. · General Physiopathological Mechanism of EIM due to Intoxication
50. · Physiopathological Classification of the Main Acute Neonatal Onset EIMs