Orthopedics and Traumatology — Introduction and General Principles

Orthopedics and Traumatology · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Biology of bone tissue, classification and consolidation of fractures, clinical evaluation, principles of osteosynthesis and pathology of the musculoskeletal system.

What it covers

1. History, definition and scope
2. Bone tissue: structure and biology
3. · Macroscopic organization
4. · Bone cells: osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast
5. · Bone matrix: composition and mineralization
6. Bone remodeling and Wolff's law
7. · Remodeling cycle: phases of the BMU
8. · Wolff's Law and mechanical adaptation of the bone
9. · Hormonal regulation of bone metabolism
10. Fractures: definition, mechanism and classification
11. · Production mechanisms
12. · Morphological classification of fractures
13. · AO/OTA classification of fractures
14. · Open fractures: Gustilo-Anderson classification
15. · Physeal fractures: Salter-Harris classification
16. · Pathological fractures
17. Bone consolidation: pathophysiology and modulating factors
18. · Secondary consolidation (bone callus) — The most frequent in nature
19. · Primary consolidation (direct)
20. · Factors that influence consolidation
21. Complications of fractures
22. · Immediate complications (hours)
23. · Early complications (days–weeks)
24. · Late complications (months–years)
25. Articular cartilage: biology, injury and degeneration
26. · Zonal organization of articular cartilage
27. · Osteoarthritis: molecular pathophysiology
28. Tendons and ligaments: structure, injury and repair
29. · Structure and mechanical properties of the tendon
30. · Tendon injuries: rupture and tendinopathy
31. · Ligaments: structure and healing
32. Skeletal muscle in traumatology
33. · Classification of muscle injuries
34. Orthopedic and trauma clinical evaluation
35. · Specific orthopedic history
36. · Systematized orthopedic physical examination
37. Diagnostic imaging in orthopedics and traumatology
38. Principles of orthopedic and trauma treatment
39. · Reduction methods
40. · Conservative immobilization methods
41. Osteosynthesis: AO principles and types of implants
42. · Types of implants in osteosynthesis
43. · Arthroplasties: principles and types
44. Osteoarthritis and arthritis: differential diagnosis
45. Bone tumors: principles of classification and diagnosis
46. · Mnemonic rule for imaging diagnosis of bone tumors
47. Highly relevant clinical correlations
48. · Hip fracture in the elderly — The fracture with the highest mortality
49. · Osteoporosis: diagnosis, vertebral fracture and treatment
50. · Damage Orthopedic Control (DCO): the severe multiple trauma