Otology and Neurotology

Otology and Neurotology — Expert Reference

How it begins

The external ear includes the pinna (pinna) and the external auditory canal (EAC). The pinna is formed by elastic cartilage (except the lobe, adipose) covered by perichondrium and skin; Its function is the spatial localization of sound by spectral modification (head-related transfer function, HRTF). The EAC measures ~2.5 cm in adults: the lateral third is cartilaginous and contains…

What it covers

1. Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear
2. · External Ear
3. · Tympanic Membrane
4. · Eardrum Tray (Tympanic Cavity)
5. · Eustachian tube
6. Anatomy of the Inner Ear
7. · Bone Labyrinth
8. · Cochlea
9. · Vestibule and Otolithic Organs
10. · Semicircular Canals (CSC)
11. · VIII Cranial Nerve — Vestibulocochlear Nerve
12. Auditory Physiology
13. · Sound Transmission: From the Pinna to the Cochlea
14. · Auditory Coding in the Cochlear Nerve
15. · Central Auditory Pathways
16. · Otoacoustic Emissions (OAS)
17. Vestibular Physiology
18. · Vestibular Transduction
19. · Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR)
20. · Nystagmus
21. · Vestibulospinal Reflex (RVE) and Vestibulocolic Reflex (VCR)
22. · Central Vestibular Compensation
23. Audiological Exploration
24. · Tuning Forks
25. · Liminar Tonal Audiometry (ATL)
26. · Logoaudiometry (Vocal Audiometry)
27. · Impedancemetry (Immitancemetry)
28. · Trunk Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPA / ABR)
29. · Steady State ABR (ASSR)
30. · Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (CANU)
31. Vestibular Examination
32. · Basic Clinical Examination
33. · Videonystagmography (VNG) and Electronystagmography (ENG)
34. · Caloric Test (Caloric Electronystagmography)
35. · Vestibular Myogenic Evoked Potentials (VEMP)
36. · Computerized Posturography (CDP)
37. · RVO Suppression and RVO Gain Test (Video-Head Impulse Rotational Chair Test)
38. Imaging Tests in Otology
39. · Temporal Bone TC (Boulders)
40. · MRI of the Inner Ear and Auditory Nerve
41. · MRI with Intratympanic Gadolinium — Visualization of Endolymphatic Hydrops
42. Conductive Hearing Loss
43. · Differential Diagnosis of Conductive Hearing Loss
44. · Ceruminous Plug
45. · Tympanic Perforation
46. · Otitis Media with Effusion (OME — "Glue Ear")
47. Sensorineural Hearing Loss
48. · Etiological Classification of SNHL
49. · Presbycusis
50. · Acoustic Trauma
51. · Ototoxicity
52. · Sudden Idiopathic Deafness (SSI)
53. · Auditory Neuropathy (Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, TENA)
54. Otitis Media
55. · Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
56. · Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)
57. · Acute Mastoiditis
58. · Intracranial Otogenic Complications
59. Cholesteatoma
60. · Definition and Types
61. · Diagnosis
62. · ESSG staging (European Academy of Otology and Neurotology — Staging System)
63. · Cholesteatoma Surgery
64. Otosclerosis
65. · Pathophysiology
66. · Clinical Presentation
67. · Audiology in Otosclerosis
68. · Diagnosis
69. · Treatment
70. BPPV and Peripheral Vestibular Syndromes
71. · BPPV of the Posterior Semicircular Canal (CSP) — Canalolithiasis
72. · BPPV of the Lateral Semicircular Canal (CSL)
73. · Anterior (Upper) Channel BPPV — CSA
74. · Differential Diagnosis of Positional Vertigo
75. Meniere disease
76. · Diagnostic Criteria (Bárány Society / AAO-HNS 2015/2020)
77. · Pathophysiology of Endolymphatic Hydrops
78. · Ménière's Crisis — Clinical Picture
79. · Step Treatment
80. · Acute Crisis — Symptomatic Treatment
81. Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis
82. · Vestibular Neuritis (VN)
83. · Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
84. · Treatment
85. · Labyrinthitis
86. Vestibular Schwannoma
87. · Clinical Presentation
88. · Kos classification
89. · Diagnosis
90. · Management — Therapeutic Decision
91. Peripheral Facial Paralysis
92. · Anatomy of the Facial Nerve in the Temporal Bone
93. · House-Brackmann (HB) classification
94. · Bell's palsy
95. · Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (Otic Herpes Zoster)
96. Tinnitus
97. · Classification
98. · Tinnitus Evaluation
99. · Pulsatile Tinnitus — Vascular Study
100. · Treatment of Chronic Subjective Tinnitus
101. Surgical Otology
102. · Mastoidectomy
103. · Tympanoplasty and Ossiculoplasty
104. · Cochlear Implant (CI)
105. · Anchored Bone Conduction Hearing Aids (BAHA / OSIA)
106. · Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI)
107. Integrating Algorithms
108. · Algorithm 1 — Acute Unilateral Hearing Loss
109. · Algorithm 2 — Acute Vestibular Syndrome (AVS)
110. · Algorithm 3 — Recurrent Episodic Vertigo
111. · Algorithm 4 — Unilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus
112. · Diagnostic Summary Table - Otological and Neurotological Syndromes