Tissue Repair — General Pathology

General Pathology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Tissue repair is the process by which the body replaces or restores tissues damaged by injury or cell death. It is the natural response that follows any tissue injury and that begins overlapping with the inflammation phase, constituting together with it an integrated process of response to damage.

What it covers

1. Tissue Repair
2. Concept and Overview
3. · Determinants of the Repair Result
4. · The Regeneration Continuum — Fibrosis
5. Regeneration vs Healing
6. · When does it regenerate and when does it heal?
7. Cellular Proliferative Capacity
8. · The Cellular Cycle in Repair
9. · Tissue Stem Cell Niches
10. Repair Phases — Wound Healing
11. · Phase 1 — Hemostasis and Inflammation (0 h – 5 days)
12. · Phase 2 — Proliferation: Granulation Tissue (Days 3 – 14)
13. · Phase 3 — Wound Contraction and Remodeling (Days 7 – Years)
14. Healing by First Intention
15. Healing by Second Intention
16. · Key Histological Differences
17. Repair Cells
18. · Fibroblast and Myofibroblast
19. · The Repair Macrophage — M2
20. · Tissue Stem Cells in Repair
21. Growth Factors in Repair
22. Extracellular Matrix in Repair
23. · Composition of the MEC in Each Phase
24. · Collagen — The Main Structural Component
25. · Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins — Regulatory Components
26. Angiogenesis in Repair
27. · Mechanism of Sprouting Angiogenesis
28. · Vasculogenesis vs Angiogenesis
29. Fibrosis — Excessive and Pathological Repair
30. · Pathogenesis of Fibrosis — The Positive Feedback Loop
31. · Fibrosis in Specific Organs — Key Cells
32. Factors that Modify the Repair
33. · Systemic Factors
34. · Local Factors
35. Pathological Scars
36. Liver Repair
37. · Acute Liver Regeneration — The Partial Hepatectomy Model
38. · Liver Fibrosis → Cirrhosis — The Stellate Cell of Ito
39. · Liver Fibrosis Staging — METAVIR System
40. Lung Repair
41. · Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) — The Response to Acute Lung Injury
42. · Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) — The Progressive Fibrosis Prototype
43. Kidney Repair
44. · Repair in Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
45. · Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis — The Final Common Pathway of CKD
46. Cardiac Repair
47. · Post-Myocardial Infarction Repair
48. · Can the Heart Regenerate?
49. Repair in the CNS
50. · Reactive Gliosis — The "Scar" of the CNS
51. · Strategies to Promote CNS Regeneration
52. Pro-reconstructive and Antifibrotic Therapies
53. · Wound Treatment — Pathogenic Basis
54. · Antifibrotic Treatments
55. Integration and Final Perspective
56. · Synthesis: Regeneration vs Healing in the Main Organs
57. · Therapeutic Targets of the Future
58. · Summary of Key Concepts
59. · Bibliographical References