Motor Systems — Neurosciences

Neurosciences · Basic Sciences

How it begins

The generation of coordinated, goal-directed movements requires the harmonious interaction of multiple structures of the central nervous system (CNS), organized hierarchically and in parallel.

What it covers

1. Hierarchical and Parallel Organization of the Motor System
2. · Hierarchical Control Structure
3. · The Motor Unit and Recruitment
4. The Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes
5. · Alpha motor neurons ($\alpha$) and Gamma ($\gamma$)
6. · Reflex Circuits and Interneurons
7. · Central Pattern Generators (CPGs)
8. Descending Pathways of the Brain Stem
9. · Ventromedial Control and Postural Maintenance
10. · The Lateral System and the Rubrospinal Bundle
11. The Motor Cortex and the Corticospinal Pathway
12. · Motor Areas and Penfield's Homunculus
13. · Path and Decussation of the Corticospinal Tract
14. Basal Ganglia: Control and Modulation Circuits
15. · The Direct, Indirect and Hyperdirect Circuits
16. · Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Signaling
17. The Cerebellum: Quality Control and Motor Learning
18. · Functional Anatomy and Deep Nuclei
19. · Cortical Microcircuit and Long-Term Depression (LTD)
20. The Oculomotor System
21. · Mechanics and Classification of Eye Movements
22. · Brainstem Integrative Centers
23. Pathophysiology of Motor Disorders
24. · Differentiation Semiology: First vs. Second Motoneuron
25. · Pathophysiology of the Basal Ganglia
26. · Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Syndromes
27. Electrophysiological Diagnosis of the Motor System
28. · Needle Electromyography (EMG)
29. · Nervous Conduction Studies (NCS)
30. · Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
31. Pharmacology of Motor Systems
32. · Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease
33. · Spasmolytic and Relaxing Pharmacotherapy
34. · Blockade of the Neuromuscular Junction by Botulinum Toxin
35. Clinical Cases of Integration and Pearls of Neuroanatomy
36. · Highly Complex Clinical Cases
37. · High Performance Physiological Mnemonics