Emergencies: Pleural Pathology

Emergencies: Pleural Pathology — Expert Level Reference

How it begins

An exhaustive, expert-level compendium on the physiology of the pleural space, fluid and gas dynamics in critical situations, bedside ultrasound, complex biochemical analysis of effusions, stepwise management of empyema, and interventional algorithms for pneumothorax, hemothorax and associated complications.

What it covers

1. Surgical anatomy, physiology and intrapleural pressure
2. · Histology and filtration barrier
3. · Blood irrigation and lymphatic drainage
4. · Sensory innervation and the clinical translation of pain
5. · Pleural fluid physiology and Starling forces
6. Physiopathology of the pleural space in emergency situations
7. · Mechanisms of pleural fluid accumulation (Genesis of effusion)
8. · Gas dynamics and lung collapse in pneumothorax
9. Systematic clinical approach in the emergency department
10. · Clinical semiology: the pillars of suspicion
11. · Systematic physical examination of the chest
12. · Red flags and instability criteria
13. Bedside pleural ultrasound (LUS) and BLUE protocol
14. · Technical aspects of ultrasound examination
15. · Ultrasound semiotics of normality
16. · Ultrasound Semiotics of Pneumothorax
17. · Ultrasound Semiotics of Pleural Effusion
18. Advanced diagnostic imaging: radiography and computed tomography
19. · Conventional chest x-ray
20. · Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest with contrast
21. Pleural effusion in the emergency room: initial approach algorithm
22. · Indications for Urgent Thoracentesis
23. · Safety Criteria and Contraindications
24. · Step-by-step technique guided by ultrasound
25. Pleural fluid analysis: Light criteria and biomarkers
26. · The classic Light Criteria
27. · Essential and Second Line Biochemical Markers
28. · Cellular and cytological study
29. Parapneumonic pleural effusion and pleural empyema
30. · Physiopathological evolution in three stages
31. · Changing microbiology
32. · Stepped Therapeutic Strategy in Emergencies
33. Primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
34. · Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP)
35. · Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (NES)
36. · Size classification and controversies in guides
37. · Updated Management Algorithms
38. Tension and traumatic/iatrogenic pneumothorax
39. · Tension Pneumothorax: Clinical Diagnosis
40. · Open Pneumothorax (Penetrating Trauma)
41. · Iatrogenic Pneumothorax
42. Acute hemothorax: evaluation and thoracotomy criteria
43. · Biochemical Diagnostic Criteria
44. · Etiopathogenesis of Bleeding
45. · Clinical Management and Surgical Criteria for Emergency Thoracotomy
46. · Late complications: Organized Hemothorax and Empyema
47. Chylothorax and pseudochylothorax
48. · Chylothorax: Pathophysiology and Biochemical Definition
49. · Differentiation with Pseudochylothorax (Cholesterol Chylothorax)
50. · Etiology of Chylothorax
51. · Stepped Therapeutic Approach
52. Pleural effusions of systemic origin common in emergencies
53. · Pleural Effusion from Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
54. · Hepatic Hydrothorax
55. · Lupus Pleuritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
56. · Pleural Effusion due to Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE)
57. Chest drainage devices and aspiration systems
58. · Drain Caliber Selection (French)
59. · Anatomy of the "Safety Triangle"
60. · Physical dynamics of the classic three-chamber drainage system
61. · Chest Tube Clamping Rules
62. Serious complications of pleural management and reexpansion
63. · Pulmonary Edema due to Reexpansion (RPE)
64. · Subcutaneous Emphysema
65. · Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF)
66. · Synthesis of the Integrated Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm