Clinical Biochemistry — Molecular Basis of Arterial Hypertension

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Detailed study of cell signaling, endothelial dysfunction, epithelial ion transport, molecular genetics and immunoinflammatory mechanisms involved in the genesis and progression of systemic arterial hypertension.

What it covers

1. Hemodynamics and Tension Homeostasis: Biophysical and Cellular Aspects
2. The Endothelium as an Endocrine and Metabolic Organ: Regulation of Vascular Tone
3. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): Classical and Counterregulatory Axes
4. AT1 and AT2 Receptors: Structure, Intracellular Signaling and Genomic Interactions
5. Aldosterone and the Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Synthesis, Genomic Regulation and Non-Genomic Effects
6. Ion Channels and Renal Transporters: The Proximal and Interstitial Management of Sodium
7. Tubuloglomerular Feedback Mechanism and the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
8. Pressure Natriuresis and Renal Interstitial Remodeling
9. Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): Central Regulation and Adrenergic Coupling
10. Mechanoreceptors, Chemoreceptors and the Arterial Baroreflex: Molecular Dysfunction in HTN
11. Natriuretic Peptide System: Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled Receptors and Degradation Enzymes
12. Kalicrein-Kinin System and Nitric Oxide Synthesis: Metabolic Regulation and Interaction
13. Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress: The Uncoupling of eNOS
14. ROS and modulation of NO bioavailability: Nox Enzyme Systems and Chemical Interactions
15. Vasoactive Endothelins and Prostanoids: Molecular Regulation of Constrictor Tone
16. Vascular Remodeling: The Cellular Phenotype of VSMCs
17. Matrix Metalloproteinases, Collagen and the Biochemistry of Arterial Stiffness
18. Monogenic Forms of Hypertension: Electrolyte Transport Variants
19. Genome Complex Association Studies (GWAS) and Epigenetic Regulation
20. Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Hypertension: Activation of T Lymphocytes and Isolevuglandins
21. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Kidney Axis in Hypertension
22. Biochemical Biomarkers of Organ Damage and Cardiovascular Prediction
23. Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Targets of Classical Therapies
24. Therapeutic Frontiers: RNA Therapies, Antisense Oligonucleotides and Vaccines
25. Classification and Staging of HTN
26. · Essential HTN (Primary) — 90-95%
27. · Secondary HTN — 5-10%
28. Organic Damage from Arterial Hypertension
29. Secondary Etiologies — Specific Biochemistry
30. Hypertensive Laboratory Study
31. · Initial evaluation - All hypertensive patients
32. · Extended study — secondary HTN / high risk
33. Pharmacological Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Treatment
34. Hypertensive Crisis — Urgency and Emergency
35. · Hypertensive Emergency
36. · Hypertensive Emergency