Clinical Biochemistry of Thyroid Function — Expert Treatise

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Ultra-structural analysis of the synthesis, transport, regulation and laboratory diagnosis of thyroid hormones with their pathological correlations

What it covers

1. Introduction and Embryology of the Thyroid Axis
2. Histophysiology of the Thyroid Gland
3. · 1.1 Thyrocyte Cellular Polarity
4. · 1.2 The Thyroid Colloid
5. · 1.3 Parafollicular Cells (C Cells)
6. Molecular Biosynthesis of Thyroid Hormones
7. · 2.1 Expression and Glycosylation of Thyroglobulin (Tg)
8. · 2.2 Active Iodide Uptake ($I^-$) — The NIS Sinporter
9. · 2.3 Apical Efflux of Iodide into the Colloid — Pendrine
10. · 2.4 Activation and Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide ($H_2O_2$)
11. · 2.5 Oxidation of Iodide
12. · 2.6 Iodination of Tyrosine Residues (Iodine Organization)
13. · 2.7 Oxidative Coupling Reaction (Generation of $T_4$ and $T_3$)
14. · 2.8 Thyroglobulin Endocytosis and Lysosomal Proteolysis
15. Peripheral Transport of Thyroid Hormones
16. · 3.1 Main Plasma Transport Proteins
17. · 3.2 The Free Hormone Hypothesis
18. Peripheral Metabolism and Deiodination
19. · 4.1 Comparative Enzymology of Deiodinases
20. · 4.2 Alternative Metabolic Clearance Pathways
21. Cellular Action Mechanism and Nuclear Receptors
22. · 5.1 Genetics and Structure of TR Receptors
23. · 5.2 Biochemistry of the Transcriptional Complex
24. · 5.3 Non-Genomic Actions of Thyroid Hormones
25. Homeostatic Regulation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
26. · 6.1 Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
27. · 6.2 Thyrotropin (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone / TSH)
28. · 6.3 Cellular Signaling of the TSH Receptor (TSHR)
29. · 6.4 Negative Feedback Mechanisms (Feedback)
30. Laboratory Diagnosis and Biochemical Tests
31. · 7.1 TSH Quantification by Immunometric Assays (Sandwich)
32. · 7.2 Quantification of FT₄ and FT₃ by Competitive Immunoassays
33. · 7.3 Autoantibodies of Diagnostic Relevance
34. · 7.4 The Hook Effect (Prozone Hook Effect) in Immunoassays
35. Pathophysiology and Highly Complex Clinical Correlations
36. · 8.1 Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis)
37. · 8.2 Graves-Basedow Disease
38. · 8.3 Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction Syndromes (TIA)
39. · 8.4 Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome
40. · 8.5 Integrated Table of Complex Thyroid Biochemical Profiles
41. · 8.6 Thyroid Dysfunction and Coexisting Adrenal Insufficiency (Schmidt Syndrome)
42. · Integrating Principle of Thyroid Biochemistry