Clinical Biochemistry · Pathophysiology and Bone Metabolism

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Pathophysiology, molecular biology and biochemical diagnosis of skeletal tissue disorders. This work systematically describes the intracellular mechanisms, endocrine interactions of minerals and serum biomarkers that guide clinical decision making.

What it covers

1. Molecular biology of bone and matrix synthesis
2. · The bone matrix: organic and inorganic ultrastructure
3. · Physiology of bone cell lineages
4. Calcium dynamics: absorption, transport and renal management
5. · Serum calcium fractions and their dependence on pH
6. · Intestinal absorption of Calcium
7. · Renal Calcium Management
8. Phosphate and Magnesium Metabolism: molecular interactions
9. · Phosphate Regulation: intestinal absorption and Sodium-Phosphate cotransporters
10. · Renal Phosphate Physiology: proximal reabsorption and phosphatenins
11. · Magnesium pathophysiology: renal absorption and management
12. The PTH - Vitamin D - FGF23 Axis: the homeostatic triad
13. · Parathyroid hormone (PTH): synthesis, secretion and signal transduction
14. · Vitamin D: biosynthesis and hydroxylation pathways
15. · Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23)
16. Bone Remodeling Markers (BRO) and their analytical interpretation
17. · Classification of Bone Remodeling Markers
18. Osteoporosis and Endocrinopathies with skeletal impact
19. · Immunopathogenic Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (Type I)
20. · Senile Osteoporosis (Type II): mitochondrial and cellular decline
21. · Endocrinopathies and their destructive impact on bone
22. Pathophysiology of Rickets and Osteomalacia
23. · Molecular mechanisms of the mineralization defect
24. Paget's Bone Disease Pathophysiology
25. · Genetic and molecular bases of osteoclastic hyperactivity
26. · Phases of the disease and their biochemical correlation
27. Hyperparathyroidism and the Pathophysiology of FHH
28. · Mechanisms of Pathophysiology of Hyperparathyroidism
29. · Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH): a CaSR calibration error
30. Renal Osteodystrophy and the CKD-MBD Complex
31. · The pathophysiological cascade of CKD-MBD
32. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy and Bone Metastases
33. · Physiopathological mechanisms of oncological hypercalcemia
34. Molecular Biology of Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Osteopetrosis
35. · Osteogenesis Imperfecta: the fragility of the collagen matrix
36. · Osteopetrosis: failure of resorption and the "marble bone"
37. Algorithms for Differential Diagnosis of Calcium and Phosphate disorders
38. · Algorithm 1: Diagnostic Approach to Hypercalcemia
39. · Algorithm 2: Diagnostic Approach to Hypocalcemia
40. Bone Metabolism Therapy and its Biochemical Monitoring
41. · Antiresorptive Pharmacology: inhibition of the osteoclast pathway
42. · Anabolic or Osteoforming Pharmacology: osteoblast stimulation
43. · Biochemical Treatment Monitoring Protocol