Surgery: Introduction and General Principles

Surgery · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

The surgical act is the most invasive therapeutic intervention in medicine: controlled aggression with curative purposes. Understanding its principles—from risk assessment to the biology of healing—is the foundation of all safe, rational and reproducible surgical practice.

What it covers

1. Surgery Introduction and General Principles
2. · Definition, History and Classification of Surgery
3. · Surgical Periods: the Perioperative Continuum
4. · Preoperative Evaluation and Surgical Risk Stratification
5. · Informed Consent and Ethical-Legal Aspects
6. · Asepsis, Antisepsis and Biosafety in the Operating Room
7. · General Principles of Anesthesia
8. · Surgical Instruments and Basic Operative Technique
9. · Sutures and Surgical Synthesis Material
10. · Metabolic and Endocrine Response to Surgical Trauma
11. · Wound Healing: Biology and Modulating Factors
12. · Perioperative Antibiotic and Antithrombotic Prophylaxis
13. · General Surgical Complications
14. · Postoperative Pain Management and Enhanced Recovery (ERAS)
15. · WHO Surgical Checklist and Safety Culture