Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Associated Diseases — Clinical Biochemistry

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms of protein homeostasis, the response to misfolded proteins (UPR), retrotranslocation and degradation pathways, and the clinical implications of their dysfunction in highly complex metabolic, neurodegenerative, autoimmune and oncological pathologies.

What it covers

1. Ultrastructure and Functional Domains of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Quality Control of Proteostasis: Folding and Post-Translational Modifications
3. The ER Chaperone and Co-chaperone Interactome
4. Calcium Homeostasis in the ER and Signaling at the Mitochondria-ER Junctions (MAMs)
5. Lipid Biosynthesis and Xenobiotic Detoxification
6. Pathophysiology of ER Stress and the Response to Misfolded Proteins (UPR)
7. · Definition and Etiology of ER Stress
8. The UPR Response as an Adaptive and Survival Axis
9. Via IRE1α: Non-Conventional Splicing of XBP1 and the RIDD Mechanism
10. PERK Pathway: Phosphorylation of eIF2α, Translational Attenuation and Activation of ATF4
11. ATF6 Pathway: Proteolytic Processing in the Golgi Apparatus
12. Transcriptional Regulation and ERSE Response Elements
13. ERAD (Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation) Pathway: Retrotranslocation and Proteasome
14. ER-phagy (Reticulophagy): Receptors and Lysosomal Dynamics
15. Functional Interaction Networks between UPR and Macroscopic Autophagy
16. The Transition to Apoptosis Induced by ER Stress
17. · Molecular Mechanism of the Adaptive-Apoptotic Transition: The Point of No Return
18. Fine Regulation by CHOP (GADD153): Repression of Bcl-2 and Induction of BIM/PUMA
19. ASK1 Kinase and the JNK Cascade Mediated by the IRE1α-TRAF2 Complex
20. Activation of Specific Caspases of the ER Membrane
21. Proinflammatory Responses and Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome
22. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic β Cell Dysfunction
23. Obesity and Insulin Resistance: The Role of JNK and IRS-1
24. Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic Steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH)
25. Dyslipidemias, Macrophage Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis
26. Alzheimer's Disease and Tauopathies
27. Parkinson's Disease, α-Synuclein and ERAD Pathway Dysfunction
28. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
29. Huntington's Disease and Polyglutamine Proteins
30. Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
31. Molecular Oncology and Tumor Microenvironment
32. · ER Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME)
33. Paracrine Immunosuppression Mediated by ER Stress in the TME
34. Chemotherapeutic Resistance and the Cell Surface Chaperone sGRP78
35. Autoimmune, Inflammatory and Kidney Diseases
36. · ER Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
37. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus (SLE) and B Lymphocyte Hyperactivity
38. Nephropathies and Podocytopathies: Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
39. Diagnosis and Biomarkers in Clinical Biochemistry
40. · Soluble and Circulating Biomarkers of ER Stress
41. Advanced Laboratory Techniques for the Evaluation of ER Stress
42. Targeted Therapy, ER Stress Pharmacology and Precision Medicine
43. · Chemical Chaperones and Kinetic Stabilizers
44. UPR Kinase Modulators: Inhibitors and Activators
45. Proteasome Inhibitors and Proteostatic Saturation as an Antitumor Strategy
46. Future Perspectives and ER Interactome in Precision Medicine