MASLD — Applied Clinical Biochemistry

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

In 2023, an international consensus led by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), and the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) proposed a new nomenclature that replaces the term NAFLD/NASH, recognizing the fundamental metabolic nature of the disease and removing the stigmatizing…

What it covers

1. MASLD / Metabolic Fatty Liver
2. New Nomenclature — From NAFLD to MASLD
3. · Classification Tree of Steatotic Liver Diseases (SLD)
4. Global Epidemiology
5. · Prevalence by Risk Groups
6. · Temporal Trend — The Epidemic in Numbers
7. Definition and Diagnostic Criteria
8. · The 5 Cardiometabolic Criteria — Biochemical Basis
9. Pathogenesis — Multi-hit Model
10. · First Hit — Lipid Accumulation (Hepatic Lipotoxicity)
11. · Second Hit (and multiple) — Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
12. · Intestine-Liver Axis in the MASLD
13. · Genetic Factors in MASLD
14. Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in MASLD
15. · The Four Pathways of Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism
16. · De Novo Lipogenesis — The Role of Fructose
17. · Lipid Droplets — The Central Organelle of the MASLD
18. Insulin Resistance and MASLD
19. · Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatic IR
20. · Biochemical Insulin Resistance Indices
21. Adipokines and Cytokines in MASLD
22. Serum Biomarkers in MASLD
23. · Liver Enzymes — The Basic Biochemical Profile
24. · Lipid Panel and Metabolic Markers
25. · Serum Markers of Liver Fibrosis
26. · Novel Biomarkers — The Frontier of Non-Invasive Diagnosis
27. Non-Invasive Fibrosis Scores
28. Image Methods in MASLD
29. Liver Biopsy and Scoring Systems
30. · MASH Histological Criteria
31. · NAS Scoring System (NAFLD Activity Score) — Kleiner 2005
32. · SAF (Steatosis-Activity-Fibrosis) Scoring System — Bedossa 2012 / FLIP Consortium
33. · Staging of Fibrosis in MASLD (Kleiner)
34. Spectrum of Disease
35. · Natural History and Speed of Progression
36. · Predictive Factors of Progression to Advanced Fibrosis
37. Comorbidities and Cardiovascular Risk
38. · MASLD as an Independent Cardiovascular Risk Factor
39. · Cardiovascular Risk Calculation in MASLD
40. Cirrhosis and HCC due to MASLD
41. · HCC in MASLD — Distinctive Features
42. · HCC surveillance in MASLD — 2023 Guides
43. · Cirrhosis due to MASLD — Complications and Management
44. Lifestyle Modification
45. · Weight Loss — Benefit Thresholds
46. · Diet in MASLD
47. · Physical Exercise
48. Pharmacological Treatment
49. · Approved and Investigational Drugs
50. Bariatric Surgery at MASLD
51. Integration and Future Perspective
52. · MASLD Integrated Management Algorithm — 2024
53. · Emerging Therapeutic Targets
54. · Summary of Key Concepts
55. · Bibliographical References