Pain Medicine — Clinical Pharmacology of Pain

Pain Medicine · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

A deep and exhaustive study of pharmacology applied to pain medicine. From synaptic physiology and ion channel modulation to the molecular complexity of opioid ligands, cytochrome interactions, management of toxicities and the biotechnological targets of the future.

What it covers

1. Neurobiology of Nociception and Pain Pathways
2. · Transduction: Activation of Nociceptors and Inflammatory Soup
3. · Transmission: Axonal Conduction and Synapses in the Dorsal Horn
4. · Modulation: The Descending Inhibitory and Facilitating System
5. · Central Sensitization and Synaptic Plasticity
6. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Applied to Pain
7. · Bioavailability and Blood Brain Barrier
8. · Hepatic Metabolism: Phase I (CYP450) and Phase II (Conjugation)
9. · Renal Elimination and Accumulation of Active Metabolites
10. Physiopathological Classification of Pain and Therapeutic Targets
11. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs) and Paracetamol
12. · Mechanism of Action of NSAIDs: The Cyclooxygenase Cascade
13. · The Coxib Cardiovascular Paradox
14. · Renal Toxicity and Pharmacodynamic Interactions
15. · Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Mechanism and Liver Toxicity
16. Calcium and Sodium Channel Modulators: Gabapentinoids and Anticonvulsants
17. · Gabapentinoids: Ligands of the α₂δ Subunit
18. · Voltage Dependent Sodium Channel Blockers
19. Antidepressants as Analgesics: Tricyclics, SNRIs and Reuptake Mechanisms
20. · Synaptic Mechanism of Action: NET and SERT Blockade
21. · Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA): Classic Efficacy and Receptor Loading
22. · Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
23. Weak Opioids and Receptor Modifiers
24. · Codeine and Dihydrocodeine: The Risk of Prodrugs
25. · Tramadol: Dual and Hybrid Mechanism of Action
26. Potent Opioids Pure Agonists: Morphine, Fentanyl and Oxycodone
27. · Signal Transduction Mechanism of the MOR Receptor
28. · Morphine: The Classical Comparative Pattern
29. · Fentanyl: Extreme Potency and Pharmaceutical Flexibility
30. · Oxycodone: Semisynthetic Profile and Predictable Absorption
31. · Opioid Rotation and Equianalgesic Calculation
32. Opioids with Special Mechanisms: Methadone and Tapentadol
33. · Methadone: Opioid Agonist, NMDA Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor
34. · Tapentadol: The MOR-NRI Concept
35. Opioids Partial Agonists and Mixed Agonists-Antagonists
36. · Buprenorphine: A Partial Agonist with an Atypical Profile
37. · Mixed Agonists-Antagonists: Pentazocine and Nalbuphine
38. Adverse Effects of Opioids and Their Pharmacological Management
39. · Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIO) and PAMORAs
40. · Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression (ORID)
41. · Pharmacological Tolerance vs. Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia (OIH)
42. NMDA Receptor Antagonists and Systemic Local Anesthetics
43. · Ketamine: Non-Competitive Blocking of the NMDA Channel
44. · Systemic Intravenous Lidocaine
45. Nociplastic Pain Pharmacotherapy and Cannabinoid Systems
46. · Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN): Glial and TLR4 Receptor Modulator
47. · The Endocannabinoid System in Pain Modulation
48. Emerging Therapies, Monoclonal Antibodies and Precision Medicine
49. · Monoclonal Antibodies against Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
50. · Monoclonal Antibodies against CGRP and its Receptor in Migraine
51. · Precision Medicine: Pharmacogenomics and Biomarkers