Diagnostic Methods in Pulmonology

Diagnostic Methods in Pulmonology | Internal Medicine

How it begins

Expert reference guide for the systematic study of respiratory diseases. It integrates clinical examination, pulmonary physiology, advanced imaging, endoscopic techniques, biofluid analysis and molecular microbiology with continuous clinical correlation.

What it covers

1. Initial Assessment
2. Pneumological Clinical History
3. · Cardinal Respiratory Symptoms
4. · 1. Dyspnea
5. · 2. Cough
6. · 3. Expectoration
7. · 4. Hemoptysis
8. · 5. Chest pain
9. · 6. Wheezing and stridor
10. · Directed Etiological History
11. Initial Assessment
12. Physical Examination of the Chest
13. · General and Thoracic Inspection
14. · Pathological thoracic forms
15. · Signs of chronic hypoxemia
16. · Palpation
17. · Percussion
18. · Pulmonary Auscultation
19. · Normal noises
20. · Pathological noises added
21. Applied Physiology
22. Pulmonary Function Tests: Overview
23. Pulmonary Function
24. Spirometry
25. · Fundamental Parameters
26. · Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
27. · Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV₁)
28. · FEV₁/FVC ratio (Tiffeneau index)
29. · FEF 25-75% (MMEF)
30. · Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
31. · Obstruction Severity Classification (GOLD 2023)
32. · Bronchodilator Test
33. · Bronchial Provocation Test (Hyperreactivity)
34. · Methacholine test
35. · Bronchial stress test
36. · Occupational exposure test
37. Pulmonary Function
38. Static Lung Volumes
39. · Body Plethysmography
40. · Gas Dilution Methods
41. · Helium dilution (Closed circuit)
42. · Nitrogen flushing (Open circuit)
43. · Interpretation of Pathological Volumes
44. Pulmonary Function
45. Lung Diffusion Capacity (DLCO)
46. · Single-Breath Technique
47. · DLCO Correction Factors
48. Pulmonary Function
49. Arterial Blood Gas and Pulse Oximetry
50. · Arterial Blood Gas (GAB)
51. · Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient (P(A-a)O₂)
52. · Classification of Respiratory Failure
53. · Pulse Oximetry (Pulse oximetry)
54. Pulmonary Function
55. Cardiopulmonary Stress Tests
56. · 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
57. · Cardiopulmonary Stress Test (CPET)
58. Diagnostic Imaging
59. Chest X-ray
60. · Technique and Quality of Radiography
61. · Complementary projections
62. · Systematic Analysis of Chest X-ray
63. · Pulmonary radiological patterns and differential diagnosis
64. Diagnostic Imaging
65. Chest Computed Tomography and HRCT
66. · High Resolution CT (HRCT / HRCT)
67. · Fundamental tomographic patterns in EPI
68. · Peripheral tomographic patterns and distribution
69. · Low Dose CT (LDCT) in Lung Cancer Screening
70. Diagnostic Imaging
71. Pulmonary CT Angio-CT and V/Q Scan
72. · Pulmonary CT Angiography (CTPA)
73. · PTE diagnostic algorithm (ESC 2019)
74. · CTPA findings in acute and chronic PE
75. · Ventilation/Perfusion Lung Scan (V/Q)
76. Diagnostic Imaging
77. Thoracic Ultrasound · MRI · PET-CT
78. · Thoracic Ultrasound (Pulmonary POCUS)
79. · Lung ultrasound artifacts and their clinical significance
80. · Chest Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
81. · PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography)
82. · Indications in pulmonology
83. Endoscopic Techniques
84. Flexible and Rigid Bronchoscopy
85. · Flexible Bronchoscopy (Fibrobronchoscopy)
86. · Diagnostic indications
87. · Sample collection techniques in bronchoscopy
88. · Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL): Cellular Interpretation
89. · Rigid Bronchoscopy
90. Advanced Endoscopic Techniques
91. EBUS · Cryobiopsy · Navigation
92. · EBUS — Endobronchial Ultrasound
93. · Radial EBUS (R-EBUS)
94. · Linear EBUS (CP-EBUS)
95. · Transbronchial Cryobiopsy (TBLC)
96. · Bronchial Electromagnetic Navigation (ENB)
97. Invasive Procedures
98. Thoracentesis and Pleural Biopsy
99. · Thoracentesis
100. · Basic technique
101. · Relative contraindications
102. · Pleural Biopsy
103. · Blind pleural biopsy (Abrams/Cope needle)
104. · Pleural biopsy guided by CT or ultrasound
105. · Medical Thoracoscopy (Pleuroscopy)
106. · Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)
107. Biofluid Analysis
108. Pleural Fluid Analysis
109. · Light Criteria
110. · Complete Biochemical Analysis
111. · Cytological and Microbiological Analysis
112. · Pleural fluid cytology
113. · LP cell count and formula
114. · Microbiology of pleural fluid
115. Respiratory Microbiology
116. Microbiological Methods in Pulmonology
117. · Sputum Analysis
118. · Sputum quality criteria (Murray-Washington)
119. · Techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
120. · Urinary Antigens
121. · Biomarkers of Fungal Infection
122. · Galactomannan (GM) serum and BAL
123. · Serum β-D-Glucan (BDG)
124. · Fungal PCR and other molecular techniques
125. · Blood cultures and Cultures of Other Samples
126. Sleep Diagnosis
127. Sleep Studies and Nocturnal Respiratory Disorders
128. · Polysomnography (PSG)
129. · PSG key parameters
130. · Definition of Apneas and Hypopneas (AASM 2012)
131. · Home Respiratory Polygraphy (RP)
132. · Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)
133. Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis
134. Immunological, Genetic and Molecular Tests
135. · Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis (LTBI)
136. · Tuberculin test (TST / Mantoux)
137. · IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assays)
138. · α₁-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
139. · Biomarkers in Thoracic Oncology
140. · Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)
141. · Serum Markers in Specific Lung Diseases
142. Clinical Integration
143. Integrated Diagnostic Algorithms
144. · Approach to Pleural Effusion
145. · Approach to the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
146. · Approach to Chronic Dyspnea of Unknown Etiology
147. · Synthesis: Integration of Diagnostic Methods