Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus — Expert Guide
How it begins
The eye is derived from the neuroectoderm (retina, retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, iris), the superficial ectoderm (lens, epithelial cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland) and the mesoderm + neural crest cells (corneal stroma, trabeculum, extraocular muscles, sclera, choroid, vitreous body).
What it covers
- Normal Visual Development
- · Embryology of the Eye
- · Critical Period and Visual Plasticity
- · Milestones of Normal Visual Development
- Pediatric Ophthalmological Examination
- · Visual Acuity According to Age
- · Red Reflex (Brückner Test)
- · Evaluation of Ocular Motility
- · Fundus Examination
- Amblyopia
- · Classification, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
- · Diagnosis of Amblyopia
- · Treatment of Amblyopia
- Strabismus: Basics
- · Anatomy of the Extraocular Muscles
- · Terminology and Classification of Strabismus
- · Strabismus Examination
- Esotropias
- · Infant Esotropia (Congenital Infantile Esotropia)
- · Accommodative Esotropia
- · Other Esotropias
- Exotropias
- · Intermittent Exotropia (XT Intermittent)
- · Other Exotropias
- Vertical Strabismus
- Paralytic Strabismus (Neurogenous)
- · CN III (Common Ocular Motor) Palsy
- · CN IV palsy (Trochlear)
- · CN VI palsy (Abducens)
- Treatment of Strabismus
- · Optical Correction
- · Botulinum Toxin in Strabismus
- · Strabismus Surgery
- Refractive Errors in Childhood
- · Pediatric Myopia: The Epidemic of the 21st Century
- · Control of Myopia Progression
- · Hyperopia, Astigmatism and Anisometropia
- Congenital and Pediatric Glaucoma
- Pediatric Cataract
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
- Pediatric Nystagmus
- Other Common Pediatric Pathologies
- · Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (OCNL)
- · Pediatric Eyelid Ptosis
- · Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Childhood
- Instrumental Diagnosis in Pediatric Ophthalmology
The complete study guide is in the app
This page summarizes the outline. The full interactive study guide —with high-yield diagrams, clinical tables, and board review cases— can be read inside Epistemis, completely offline and ad-free.
- Subject
- Ophthalmology
- Category
- Clinical Specialties
- Type
- Study Guide
- Sections
- 47
- Reviewed
- 2026-08-02