Cardiovascular Emergencies: Cardiac Arrhythmias

Emergency · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Understanding the origin, spread, and disruption of cardiac arrhythmias in the emergency department requires rigorous analysis of myocardial cellular physiology. The myocardium is made up of two types of functionally different cell populations: rapid response cells (atrial and ventricular working myocardium, as well as the Purkinje system) and response cells...

What it covers

1. The Rapid Response Action Potential
2. The Slow Response Action Potential (Sinus Node and NAV)
3. 1. Impulse Formation Disorders
4. · A. Altered Automaticity
5. · B. Triggered activity
6. 2. Impulse Conduction Disorders (Reentry)
7. The Four Classic Pillars of Hemodynamic Instability
8. Use of Bedside Ultrasound (POCUS - Point-of-Care Ultrasound)
9. Etiology and Pathophysiology
10. Specific Electrocardiographic Manifestations
11. Electrophysiological and Clinical Anatomy Classification
12. · 1. First Degree AV Block
13. · 2. Second Degree AV Block
14. · 3. Third Degree AV Block (Complete)
15. 1. Transcutaneous Cardiac Stimulation (External Pacemaker)
16. · A. Technical Procedure and Adjustments
17. · B. Mandatory Verification of Electromechanical Coupling
18. 2. Transvenous Cardiac Stimulation (Temporary Pacemaker)
19. Atrial Physiopathology and Remodeling
20. The Clinical Approach in Emergencies: Frequency Control vs. Rhythm Control
21. Stratification of Thromboembolic Risk and Bleeding
22. Atrial Flutter
23. 1. Intranodal Reentry Tachycardia (INRT)
24. 2. Atrioventricular Reentry Tachycardia (AVRT)
25. Pre-excited Atrial Fibrillation (Pre-excited AF or "FBI" Tachycardia)
26. 1. Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
27. 2. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (Torsades de Pointes)
28. · Specific Management of Torsades de Pointes
29. 1. The Brugada Algorithm
30. 2. The Vereckei Algorithm (Exclusive use of the aVR lead)
31. 1. Brugada syndrome
32. 2. Long QT Syndromes (LQTS)
33. 1. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
34. 2. Digital poisoning
35. 3. Hydroelectrolyte disorders
36. The Vaughan-Williams Classification (Modified)
37. Detailed Analysis of Critical Drugs
38. · 1. Amiodarone (Class III with effects I, II and IV)
39. · 2. Adenosine
40. 1. Synchronized Electrical Cardioversion
41. 2. Defibrillation (Asynchronous Shock)
42. 1. Integrated Algorithm for the Management of Bradycardia
43. · Pharmacological Details of the Algorithm
44. 2. Integrated Algorithm for the Management of Pulse Tachycardia
45. · A. Wide QRS (≥ 120 ms) Regular and Stable
46. · B. Narrow QRS ( 120 ms), Regular and Stable (suspected PSVT)
47. Conclusions and Integrative Message for the Emergency Professional