Emergencies: Acute Chest Pain — Emergency Medicine

Emergency · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Action protocol, pathophysiological approach, analytical electrocardiography, rapid kinetic biomarkers and clinical stratification algorithms for critical decision making in acute patients.

What it covers

1. Acute Chest Pain
2. Definition and Impact in Emergencies
3. · Epidemiology and Healthcare Burden
4. Etiopathogenic Classification
5. · The 6 Deadly Syndromes ("Killer Chest Pain")
6. · Potentially Serious but Not Immediately Fatal Causes
7. · Benign or Self-Limited Causes
8. Triage and Initial Approach
9. · Structured Triage Protocol
10. · Assessment of Hemodynamic Stability
11. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
12. · Cascade of Ischemia and Cell Death
13. · Coronary Anatomy and its Ischemic Correlation
14. Acute Aortic Syndrome (AAS)
15. · The Three Classic Entities
16. · Anatomical Classification and Its Therapeutic Relevance
17. · Immediate Catastrophic Complications
18. Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE)
19. · Gas Exchange Disorders
20. Esophageal Rupture and Tension Pneumothorax
21. · Tension Pneumothorax: Intrinsic Mechanical Collapse
22. · Boerhaave Syndrome (Spontaneous Esophageal Rupture)
23. Acute Myocarditis and Pericarditis
24. · Acute Pericarditis: Pathophysiology and Pleural Infiltration
25. · Acute Myocarditis: Necrosis due to Immune Mimicry
26. Semiology and Physical Examination
27. · Pain History: The PQRST Model
28. · Directed Physical Examination in the Critical Patient
29. Critical Electrocardiography
30. · The Anatomy of Myocardial Bypasses and Perfusion
31. · Extreme Risk Patterns Equivalent to STEMI
32. · Other Critical Electrocardiographic Signatures
33. Rapid Kinetics Biomarkers and Imaging Techniques
34. · High Sensitivity Troponin (hs-cTnI / hs-cTnT)
35. · ESC Accelerated Diagnostic Algorithms (0h/1h and 0h/2h)
36. · Critical Imaging Techniques
37. Stratification using Risk Scores
38. · HEART Score: The Emergency Standard for Chest Pain
39. · Stratification in Suspected PE: Wells Criteria and PERC Rule
40. Critical Emergency Pharmacotherapy
41. · 1. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT)
42. · 2. Acute Anticoagulant Therapy in ACS and PE
43. · 3. Vasoactive and Antihypertensive Drugs for AAS
44. · 4. Narcotic Analgesics and Vasoactive Nitrates for ACS
45. Decision Algorithm and Patient Fate
46. · Criteria for Admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) / Coronary Care Unit (CCU)
47. · Diagnostic and Instrumental Criteria for Safe Discharge from the ED