Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Emergencies: Pathophysiology and Critical Management

Emergency · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

The hepatobiliary and pancreatic territory represents one of the most complex metabolic, hemodynamic and immunological crossroads of the human economy. Understanding its pathologies in the field of medical emergencies requires detailed analysis of the lobular microanatomy, bile secretion, the behavior of sinusoidal microcirculation and the endocrine and exocrine functions of the gland...

What it covers

1. Hepatic Microcirculation and the Vulnerability of Rappaport's Acinus
2. Physiology and Biliary Secretion
3. Pancreatic Physiology: Acinar and Ductal Unit
4. Hepatic Immunology: The Monocytic-Macrophage System
5. Temporary Classification (O'Grady)
6. Etiopathogenesis and Molecular Mechanisms
7. · 1. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Toxicity
8. · 2. Drug Idiosyncrasy (DILI)
9. · 3. Acute viral hepatitis and other causes
10. Pathophysiology of Systemic Complications of IHAG
11. · Cerebral Edema and Intracranial Herniation
12. · Systemic Vasodilation and Hemodynamic Instability
13. · Coagulopathy and Hemorrhagic Diathesis
14. Referral Criteria for Liver Transplantation (King's College)
15. Pathophysiology: Synergistic Neurotoxicity
16. West Haven Criteria for Grading of Hepatic Encephalopathy
17. Precipitating Factors of HD: The Focus of Initial Management
18. Pharmacological Treatment in Emergencies
19. · 1. Non-absorbable Disaccharides (Lactulose / Lactitol)
20. · 2. Rifaximin
21. · 3. L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA)
22. Physiopathological Mechanism of Portal Hypertension
23. Systematic Management Protocol in Emergencies
24. Rescue Strategies against Refractory Bleeding
25. · Sclerosing Balloon Tamponade (Sengstaken-Blakemore or Minnesota Tube)
26. · Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunting (TIPS) Early/Rescue
27. Pathophysiology of Ascites Formation
28. Diagnostic Paracentesis in Emergencies
29. Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)
30. · Empirical Antibiotic Management
31. · Hepatorenal Syndrome Prevention Protocol with Albumin
32. · Differentiation with Secondary Bacterial Peritonitis
33. Pathophysiology of SHR-AKI
34. SHR-AKI (International Club of Ascites - ICA) Diagnostic Criteria
35. Pharmacological Treatment of SHR-AKI
36. Associated Organic Dysfunctions: The Lung Territory
37. · 1. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS)
38. · 2. Portopulmonary Hypertension (PPH)
39. Pathophysiology: The Transition from Obstruction to Chemical and Bacterial Inflammation
40. Acute Allithiatic Cholecystitis (AAC)
41. Serious Complications of Acute Cholecystitis
42. · Biliary Ileus: Pathophysiology of Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
43. Tokyo Criteria (TG18/TG23) for the Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis
44. Severity Classification according to Tokyo Guides
45. Pathophysiology: The Phenomenon of Cholangiovenous Reflux
46. Tokyo Diagnostic Criteria (TG18/TG23) for Acute Cholangitis
47. Microbiology of Biliary Infection
48. Therapeutic Strategy and Biliary Decompression Times
49. Etiology and Triggers
50. Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology
51. · 1. Premature Intracellular Activation of Enzymes
52. · 2. Tissue autodigestion
53. · 3. Activation of the Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRS)
54. Diagnostic Pillars of Acute Pancreatitis
55. Revised Atlanta Classification (2012)
56. Prognostic Stratification Tools
57. · 1. BISAP Score (Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis)
58. · 2. Ranson Score
59. Local Complications of Acute Pancreatitis
60. Rescue Fluid Therapy: Paradigm Change
61. Early Nutrition: The End of Prolonged Fasting
62. Treatment of Infected Necrosis: Step-Up Approach
63. Closure and Clinical Integration Message