Thyroid Pathology

Thyroid Pathology — Internal Medicine

How it begins

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine organ and the only one capable of storing its secretory product in large quantities. It weighs between 15 and 25 g in the adult, is made up of two lateral lobes joined by an isthmus and, in 30–40% of individuals, it has an ascending pyramidal lobe (Lalouette's lobe), the rest of the thyroglossal duct. Its blood supply is extraordinarily rich: it receives…

What it covers

1. Functional Histology
2. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
3. Plasma Transport Proteins and Hormonal Fractions
4. Peripheral Metabolism — Deiodinases
5. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid (HHT) Axis and Feedback
6. Physiological Actions of Thyroid Hormones
7. Interpretation of the Thyroid Diagnostic Tree
8. Thyroid Antibodies
9. Imaging Studies
10. Etiopathogenic Classification
11. · Drugs That Cause Hypothyroidism
12. · Pathogenesis
13. · Clinical Forms
14. Subclinical Hypothyroidism — Therapeutic Debate
15. Levothyroxine — Pharmacokinetics and Dosage
16. · Factors that Alter the Absorption or Metabolism of LT4
17. · S4 + S3 Controversy — The "Symptomatic Persistence"
18. Pathophysiology
19. · Precipitating Factors
20. Clinical Manifestations of Hyperthyroidism
21. · Pathogenesis
22. Merseburg Triad and Specific Manifestations of Graves
23. Toxic Multinodular Goiter (BMT)
24. Toxic Adenoma (Plummer's Disease)
25. Hyperthyroidism due to hCG
26. · Beta-Blockers — Symptomatic Treatment
27. Burch-Wartofsky Diagnostic Criteria (BW Score)
28. · Clinical Course in Four Phases
29. ACR-TIRADS System (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System)
30. Histological Classification
31. · Medullary Carcinoma — Correlation with MEN2
32. · Papillary Carcinoma — BRAF V600E and Its Implications
33. Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC)
34. · Anaplastic Carcinoma — Oncological Emergency
35. Thyroid Physiological Changes in Pregnancy
36. · Reference Ranges for TSH in Pregnancy (ATA 2017)
37. · Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
38. · Graves' Disease in Pregnancy
39. · Physiopathological Mechanisms
40. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) and Thyroid
41. Lithium and Thyroid
42. Hypothyroidism in the Elderly
43. Hyperthyroidism in the Elderly — Apathetic Presentation
44. Final Integrator Message